Acne is a common skin condition that affects people of all ages and skin types. It’s characterized by blackheads, whiteheads, and inflamed pus-filled pimples.

Usually, acne is caused by hormonal changes and overproduction of sebum. But it can also be triggered by a number of things, including diet, sun exposure and genetics.

Sun Exposure

Sun spots (also called age spots, liver spots or solar lentigines) appear on the face, neck and chest due to overexposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays. They are most common in people who spend a lot of time outdoors, such as gardeners, construction workers and truck drivers.

The UV rays can damage the DNA within skin cells, which makes them grow and divide faster than normal. This can lead to clumps of extra cells (lesions) that may be cancerous or harmless, the Mayo Clinic explains.

While sun spots are usually not a sign of skin cancer, any new spot that appears quickly, changes in color or shape, or seems swollen should be evaluated by a dermatologist. Also, any spot that itches or bleeds should be examined.

Hormonal Changes

Acne is caused by hormonal changes that trigger a number of factors, including higher sebum production. This results in clogged pores, inflammation and infection.

During puberty, acne can also be triggered by a rise in testosterone levels. Androgens are responsible for stimulating oil glands, causing them to produce more sebum and clog pores.

This can make your skin prone to breakouts, especially around the chin and jawline. It can also be a sign of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a condition where a woman has high levels of male hormones and small cysts in her ovaries.

Hormonal changes also happen during pregnancy and menopause, where estrogen levels fall, researchers say. Women who have a history of acne may find that their symptoms become worse around these times, or for the first time.

Genetics

Acne is one of the most common forms of inflammatory skin disease. It can affect all areas of the body, including the face, chest, neck, and back.

In most cases, it’s a combination of genetics and other factors that contribute to breakouts. If you have a strong family history of acne, it’s a good idea to get your genetics tested as soon as possible.

The National Human Genome Research Institute has a number of resources about genetics, including a talking glossary and fact sheets. You can also check out Medline Plus: Genetics, a consumer-friendly site from the National Library of Medicine.

In addition to affecting skin, genetics can also increase your risk of developing certain types of cancer. For example, it’s believed that the rare form of melanoma may be related to an inherited condition called familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome (FAMMM). If you notice a family history of this type of skin cancer, see a dermatologist right away.

Diet

One of the most common causes for blemishes on the face is diet. A good diet is high in fruits, vegetables and lean protein while avoiding fried foods, saturated fats and too much alcohol. It’s also important to get plenty of sleep and manage your stress levels in a healthy way.

The best diet is one that fits your life style and makes you feel satisfied. It’s also important to make sure you are getting enough vitamins and minerals in the right balance. You may want to try a high-quality multivitamin supplement that you can take daily and stick to it, not just on days when you aren’t feeling your best. It’s also a good idea to include some exercise in your routine. Taking a walk, swimming or even just going to the gym is a great way to stay fit and healthy. This will improve your skin and mood and help you enjoy a more satisfying brew in the long run.